Aim. To analyze the issues of the methodological foundations of practical psychology and the problems of the quality of the educational psychologist’s work is given. Attention is drawn to the fact that it is impossible to solve the problems of the quality of work of a psychologist without solving the fundamental problems of practical psychology itself: determining the specifics of its subject, methods, and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the process and the result. Methodology. A comparative analysis of the practical psychology definitions and goals is done, as well as of the Practical Psychology Service tasks in the educational system of the Russian Federation. Possible consequences and risks of the present state of affairs are analyzed. The resource that can help overcome the difficulties is also highlighted. The inextricable interconnection of the issues of the methodology of the subject area, the training of a specialist and his subsequent certification is emphasized. Results. It is concluded that the solution to the issues highlighted is dictated by the fact that the standards of professional activity come into force and the possible problems are exacerbated due to the need for expert activity in resolving personnel issues. Research implications. Suggestions are made about the need to highlight expert activity as a type of work of a practical psychologist, conduct an obligatory independent social and professional examination of the normative foundations of the work of a practical psychologist, and create a certified “Bank of methodological training and professional activities of a practical psychologist” which is going to be highly important for the psychologists of the educational organizations.

Aim. To give an analytical review and to develop a psychological model of human perception of the global threat situation associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology. A complex analysis is carried out: new empirical data on the response to the global threat situation, which appeared during the pandemic, are considered in the context of theoretical approaches to understanding the threat of basic meanings and ways of coping with the threat. The model is created and visualized using the system dynamics method. Results. The components of the perceived threat in accepting and not accepting rapid changes in the global situation are highlighted. The processes of perception and coping with the threat are shown as cyclical (not linear). Research implications. Factors that allow changing the perception of the situation are highlighted, which can be used in the development of strategies for psychological counseling of people experiencing the threat of a pandemic.

Aim. To identify the prerequisites and specifics of the reflection development in human ontogenesis. Methodology. Theoretical research methods were used. Based on the theoretical analysis of the works of domestic and foreign authors on the problem of reflection, its prerequisites in the pre-verbal period, during preschool childhood and the characteristics of reflection at the following age stages are determined. Results. Prerequisites for the reflection development are singled out; cognitive and communicative reflection is noted to actualize at junior school age, while personal reflection - at teen-age. The period of maturity is characterized by the actualization of various types and kinds of reflection in the subject’s vital activity. Research implications. The article offers a brief analysis of the prerequisites and features of the reflection development at various age stages up to the period of late maturity.

The study focuses on the psychological well-being of civil servants as a little-studied phenomenon. Aim. To analyze personal characteristics of psychological well-being participants actively included in popular social networks. Methodology. The article deals with the relationship of indicators of individual psychological characteristics of state civil servants, analyzed using the questionnaire “Scale of Psychological well-being” by K. Riff (adapted by T. D. Shevelenkova, T. P. Fesenko). The assessment of their own well-being by state civil servants using Spearman’s linear correlation on the following indicators: autonomy, competence, positive relationships, life goals, self-acceptance, personal growth. The assessment of differences in individual psychological characteristics of civil servants holding different positions is given, which is analyzed using one-factor analysis of variance and a posteriori comparison using the LSD method. Results. Analysis of the relationship of indicators of individual psychological characteristics of civil servants using Spearman’s linear correlation revealed the relationship of individual psychological characteristics of civil servants of various positions (senior state customs inspector, chief state customs inspector, head of department / department, deputy heads of department). The relationship of indicators of individual psychological characteristics of civil servants was studied: positive relationships with others, self-acceptance (assessment of one’s own life), autonomy (orientation to one’s own beliefs), competence (understanding the meaning of events, giving an opportunity to control the environment, related to the ability to manage one’s own life), goals, personal growth and self-realization. The relationship of indicators of individual psychological characteristics of civil servants determined that their subjective position changes depending on the position, which has an impact. Research implications. The results of the psychological well-being can be used for timely diagnosis of civil servants’ job burnout. The development of civil servants’ personal growth programs will make it possible for them to fulfill their functions most efficiently.

Aim. To perform the comparative analysis adolescents’ use of moral self-justification mechanisms in various ethno-cultural conditions. Methodology. The method of moral responsibility alienation by S. Moore was used (adapted by Ya. A. Ledovaya et al.). 731 teenagers, aged from 13 to 18, from Russia and Azerbaijan took part in the study. Results. Taking into consideration the intensity of the moral freedom strategies use, three types of “moral freedom” (“passive users”, “active users”, “strategy of distorting the victim’s image”) are singled out; moral self-justification mechanisms preferred by adolescents are established. Cross-cultural differences in the application of moral self-justification mechanisms are revealed both for the sample as a whole and for gender groups. Research implications. The research results develop the ideas of cross-cultural peculiarities of adolescents’ behavior in moral choice conditions. The results can be used in adolescents’ personal development programs.

Aim. To identify the peculiarities of doctors’ adapting to the emergence of the pandemic after passing through the acute stage of the epidemic. Methodology. The author conducted a survey on the author’s method, determining the specifics of Moscow doctors’ adaptation 2.5 months since the beginning of the epidemic. The participants of the research were: the doctors working in the “red zone” and contacting the infected people, as well as the doctors waiting for their turn to work there. Results. The survey showed that the doctors worry about the COVID-19 epidemic. The anxiety rate is higher among the doctors aged 35-40, and it is lower among those who are in their 50-60s. Despite having low anxiety rate, the doctors in reserve state that they suffer from depression. Doctors need psychological care but they don’t want to ask psychologists for help and prefer to resort to the anti-stress means widely-spread in the society. Research implications. The author managed to update the information about the peculiarities of doctors’ adaptation to the COVID -19, relative to the doctors working in the metropolis with the maximum number of infected patients.

Aim. To identify the socio-psychological determinants of the psychological well-being of respondents during a pandemic. Methodology. The study involved residents of Russia, Germany, Italy and Holland. The data were obtained on the basis of respondents’ answers to 95 questions of the questionnaire developed by the Zurich University of Applied Sciences. The content of the questionnaire included non-standardized and standardized scales. Results. It was revealed that the psychological well-being of respondents during a pandemic is significant with age, living conditions and resilience. The determinants of psychological well-being of the respondents were identified, which include the size of the area of residence, resilience and satisfaction of respondents with remote work. There are cultural and national characteristics in the severity of the listed determinants. Research implications. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in identifying universal determinants and their cultural and national characteristics during the pandemic. The results of the research can be used in providing psychological assistance to the population, and are also of interest for organizing the process of managing the remote work of employees.

Aim. To develop conflict-free communication skills among employees of the medical and genetic center. Methodology. To achieve the goal of the study in accordance with its objectives the following methods were used: the questionnaire on behavior in a conflict situation (K. W. Thomas, R. H. Kilmenn, adapted by N. V. Grishina), the method of personal aggressiveness and conflict (E. P. Ilyin, P. A. Kovalev), the comparative analysis of dependent and independent samples according to the student’s t-criterion. When processing the empirical data, the statistical package from SPSS Statistics 23 for Windows 7 was used. Results. The developed training for conflict-free communication helps to reduce the level of conflict, negative and positive aggression, as well as to develop constructive ways out of a conflict situation. Research implications. The possibility to use the obtained data in the psychodiagnostic and psycho-corrective work of employees in the medical field.

Aim. To identify the factors that determine the economic behavior of indigenous peoples of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Methodology. The structured interview as the main research method is aimed at identifying the features of the modern household structure of farms, consumer habits, attitudes to money, wealth, and economic institutions. Results. In the course of studying the literature, six determinants affecting the economic consciousness and behavior of indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic were identified: geo-ecological, social, psychological, economic, political-legal, and demographic. The empirical study in the Nenets ethno-cultural environment confirmed the presence of these determinantfactors, the first four of which being decisive. Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the development of public policy tools for the inclusion of the indigenous peoples of the North of the Arctic zone in the system of modern economic relations.

Aim. To study the manifestation of academic stress in university teachers of psychology. Methodology. The authors analyzed scientific works and empirical material on the study of academic stress manifestation in teachers of a higher educational institution. The article presents the materials of an empirical study obtained on a sample of psychology teachers of higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation in the amount of 30 people (experimental group). The ascertaining experiment was used as the main method. The study was carried out in the virtual interaction mode during the 2018-2019 academic year and included 2 stages: the beginning and the end of the academic year. Results. Differences in stress indicators at the beginning and at the end of the school year are empirically verified, the connection of personality traits with stress resistance and resilience, sharpening personality traits with manifestations of professional stress is revealed; The parameters associated with stress revealed the effectiveness of time management and substantive aspects of labor. Research implications. It consists in identifying the objective and subjective factors of academic stress of teachers of psychology, the dynamics of stress in the academic environment of a higher educational institution throughout the school year.

Aim. To study the possibility of identifying the typology of adolescent adulthood by the criterion of age-status self-awareness (SCD). Methodology. The main content of the study is the development of a typology of adolescent adulthood using the questionnaire “Age-status self-awareness”. Cluster analysis (K-means method) was performed on two samples and the number of observations in each cluster was considered. Using the Fischer criterion, a comparison was made between two samples based on the number of observations in each cluster. Results. Based on the study, three types of adolescent adulthood were identified: “a sense of adulthood”, “a sense of intermediate-changeable status”, and “unwillingness to grow up”. The percentage of types of age-status self-awareness in each sample was revealed. Comparing the number of observations in each cluster between the two samples showed significant differences across all types of adolescent adulthood. Research implications. One of the ways to study individual psychological features in the work on psychological and pedagogical support of children’s growing up at the stage of transition from childhood to adulthood in terms of diagnosing the type of growing up is proposed.