The article describes the relationship of trust, personal characteristics and the socio-psychological climate of students in 4-8 grades. The study involved 242 people aged from 9 to 15, studying at one of the schools in Moscow region. The importance of determining the characteristics of the interaction of 4th-8th-grade students is shown. It is stated that during the course of study and functioning of class teams they are in new relationships with classmates. Using 5 methods, the relationship of trust with the socio-psychological climate of the class and the personal characteristics of students is revealed. The results of the study show that if there is a favorable psychological climate, students will have an interrelation between trust to the world, to others, to themselves and personal characteristics. The revealed relationship will allow us to develop a system of work with groups of students.

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of differences in economic and psychological maturity of youth in the system of relations with other people. This problem is made specific in the object of the empirical research: to identify differences in the level of young people’s tolerance towards the poor and rich. The substance of the research compiles the analysis of young people’s tolerance to the poor and rich in correlation with economic perceptions of the three groups of respondents identified on the basis of factor analysis. The study showed that the economic and psychological maturity in the system of relations with other people is manifested not so much in the lack of psychological distance that respondents build between themselves and the poor / rich people, but in its conscious restriction. This position is related to economic views of young people with a consistent level of self-esteem subjective to the economic status and indicators of economic identity with their group («neither poor nor rich»).

The aim of the study is to analyze the modern women’s ideas about ideal and good motherhood. The mothers in study are those who have the first experience of motherhood. Besides, the aim is to check the situation of age differences in the images of a «good» and «ideal» mother, revealing their empirical criteria. The analysis of theoretical approaches showed the presence of a special position of the mother’s image in the hierarchical system of the woman’s consciousness, which determines the contour of her reproductive sociocultural behavior. The connotations of the emotional and evaluative nature of the «good» and «ideal» images of the mother are revealed. A «good» mother is a positively assessed key family figure who inherits the educational traditions of the family. An «ideal» mother is closely connected with the «always» position: next to her child, financially provides him, her behavior is conscious and «correct», she is strict and does not exist in reality. The results obtained can be considered as a factor in the zone of proximal development of conscious motherhood and parenthood in general.

The article is devoted to the problem of political interest and political socialization of modern society. The aim of the study was to identify the peculiarities of the affective-evaluation component of the political socialization of modern youth, represented by students of higher educational institutions studying in 3-4 courses. The main methods used are the projective technique “Non-existent Animal,” adapted for the purposes of the study, as well as the questionnaire for determining the level of political interest. 50 students of higher education institutions of the Republic of Crimea aging from 18 to 24 took part in the research. The study revealed significant differences in personal positions regarding power, their relationship to the experience of participation in political activities, and the prevalence of the position of open aggression of political power against the individual of a citizen. The affective-evaluation component of the political socialization of modern youth gives power to a number of certain signs that exclude the participation of the individual in the political life of the country. The low level of youth participation in the political life of the country is due to the peculiarities of their political perceptions of power. Such features include stereotypical perceptions of power and their overburdening with unaffordable state symbols, the association of power with crime, and identification with the economic sphere. The study revealed the peculiarities of the affective-evaluation component of the political socialization of young people, differentiated perceptions of power in the perception of modern youth. The obtained results suggest that it is the affective-evaluation component of political socialization that has a significant influence on the formation of motivation and attitudes in the perception of political power, forms political ideas about it and sets the vector of obtaining information and policy in general. The results of the study are of particular importance not only for the practical psychologist’s professional activity, but for the work in the political sphere, in particular for correcting the image of politics.

The goal of the study is to identify the relationship between the top managers’ biographical data and their managerial readiness. The authors analyzed the diagnostics results of the management reserves participants. As a diagnostic tool the authors used biographical questions of the “Questionnaire of managerial potential” methodology, specially created “Personally-professional biographical questionnaire” methodology, as well as a number of other questioning and projective methods. The study describes eight typical profiles of managerial readiness and eight typical groups of top managers in terms of the “fundamental components” of managerial readiness. The study identifies certain trends in the connection of the managerial readiness profile with events related to the parental family of the research participants, as well as with the events related to their school life. Identification of the relationship between top managers’ biographical data and the profile of their managerial readiness improve scientific knowledge about the factors and predictors of the development of the managerial potential of leaders. Besides, it makes possible to improve the selection processes for candidates for leadership positions and support the participants’ personal, professional and career development in managerial personnel reserves.

Preliminary professional self-determination as the task for adolescents’ development is based on the value choice as a correlation of the significance of value and the availability of its implementation in the future profession. The purpose of the study is to investigate value preferences of adolescents with different levels of personal professional perspectives (PPP) formation. The objectives of the study included: 1) the study of the value preferences of adolescents; 2) the study of the PPP development in adolescents and the identification of groups according to the level of formation of the PPP, 3) the identification of the features of assessing the significance and accessibility of values in adolescents with different levels of the PPP formation. N.S. Pryazhnikov’s method for determining PPP was used, as well as the methodology of value orientations by S. Schwartz, the “level of correlation of value and accessibility in various life spheres” methodology by E. B. Fantalova. The study included 144 subjects aged from 15 to 17 years (48% of boys and 52% of girls). Differences in the assessment of adolescents’ significance and accessibility of a number of values depending on the formation of the PPP were revealed. For adolescents with a high level of formation of the PPP the values of achievements, independence of thoughts and actions, a happy family life, knowledge, creativity are more significant. For a significant group of teenagers the values associated with professional self-determination (“interesting work”, “cognition”, “creativity”) are the least significant with the high significance of the value of “materially secure life”. A gap has been identified in the assessment of the significance and accessibility of values leading to a risk of the genesis of internal conflict in relation to a happy family life, love, material security, as well as the emergence of an internal vacuum in relation to the values of active life, cognition, the beauty of nature and art, creativity, due to their low relevance and accessibility of implementation.

The objective of the study is to identify the key individual psychological sources that determine the duration of human life, to show the directions and points of view of objective (biological) and subjective (psychological) mechanisms of individual duration, as well as to identify the promising areas of research in this area. The author analyzes and summarizes scientific ideas and modern empirical evidence on the impact of psychological factors on human life expectancy. The paper states the actual shift of research in the field of longevity from biological to psychological determinants of individual duration, with the emphasis on the parameters of relations as a “general” factor determining the quality and duration of human existence. On the basis of systematization and integration of classical and modern scientific ideas about longevity, the author has identified several leading, most promising areas of research, in which the key mechanisms that allow an individual to exercise a life expectancy close to the limit values can be found. The notion of “virtual age” is offered to further scientific research.

The purpose of the article is to familiarize with the results of studying reflection as an integral component of the professional subjectivity of the future teacher. The author presents an analysis of foreign and domestic studies, which allows the main psychological approaches to the study of the professional reflection development to be identified. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the formation of professional pedagogical reflection in future teachers. The study involved students studying in the direction of preparation “Pedagogical direction (with two profiles)”, in the amount of 39 people. Based on the results of the work, the author draws conclusions about the need for focused work on the formation of professional reflection in the process of professional training and the need to develop and use special technologies.

The article presents data from an empirical study of the personal identity of modern mathematically gifted adolescents and their ideas about themselves, about others, about the world in general and about their place in this world. Widespread ideas about the correlation between schizoidity and mathematical giftedness were examined and corrected during the study, and the idea that schizoidity is an element of the picture of the person’s world and is determined by his personal history and the nature of relations with the social environment had been put forward. Based on the obtained data, the features of an existential picture of the world of modern mathematically gifted adolescents are described.

The article is devoted to the study of the dynamics of professional representations of bachelors of primary education. The article presents the results of an empirical study of ideas about primary school of 1st and 4th year students taking into account their differentiation, structuring and individualization. The positive dynamics of the selected indicators was recorded by means of the projective technique. There is a shift of ideas about the sources of problems of primary school from external in relation to the activities of primary school teachers (organizational, social) to internal (methodological, personal and professional).