SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF ORPHANAGE GRADUATES AND CHILDREN LEFT WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE

The problem of prophylaxis and solving the problems of social orphanhood is acute in our country because there are lots of children raised at orphanages. Most of them are adolescents and senior schoolchildren, children from families having many children, physically unattractive children, children of a different ethnic status, which is not the major one in the place they live. Such situation makes children’s adoption difficult and they keep living at the orphanages. The monitoring was held by various departments, and their results show that the graduates from the institutions of social, psychological and pedagogical assistance often get into difficult life situations. The analysis of the work of institutions for orphans and children left without parental care shows that the system of education in these institutions poorly prepares them for an independent life, and that the graduates experience major difficulties in the process of adaptation to the environment. It is important to emphasize that graduating from the organization for orphans the majority of children come across lots of difficulties of living on their own. They appear to be not capable of living independently. Such type of personality is usually developed by the orphanage system itself. Brief description of an orphanage graduate’s social portrait leads to the conclusion that the category of children entering these organizations should develop a large amount of socialization in a short period of time. Earned value of social skills will allow them to be ready for an independent life: to build their life themselves, to use their potentials, to implement life plans without counting on the adults support. The research results show that the transition from the orphanage to the independent life is complicated and difficult in all countries both for the graduates themselves and for the people around them. These difficulties are caused by a combination of factors. Among them first of all are: lack of readiness for independent life, inability to control their free independent life, absence of people under whose supervision they had been, inability for quick adaptation to loneliness, difficulties with getting a job and education, loss of relations with relatives. The enumeration of these factors could be continued, but the main problem remains unsolved, i.e. how to help the graduates to adapt to an independent life and socialize in a new society.

социализация, социально-психологическая готовность, социальные навыки, психологическая защищенность, адаптация, одиночество, трудные жизненные ситуации, реабилитация, socialization, social and psychological readiness, social skills, psychological security, adaptation, loneliness, difficult life situations, rehabilitation

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