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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psymgou</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Психологические науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychological Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-6430</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-6414</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State University of Education</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psymgou-889</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХОЛОГИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Когнитивное развитие и теория сознания детей, говорящих на двух языках</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cognitive development and theory of consciousness of bilingual children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кючуков</surname><given-names>Христо Славов</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kyuchukov</surname><given-names>Ch. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">hkyuchukov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Свободный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Free University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кючуков Х.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кючуков Х.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kyuchukov C...</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.psymgou.ru/jour/article/view/889">https://www.psymgou.ru/jour/article/view/889</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья раскрывает актуальную проблему когнитивного развития и сознания детей, находящихся в поликультурном пространстве. Выделяются и раскрываются вопросы понимания двуязычными детьми собственных убеждений и убеждений других детей. Выделяется роль языка и стадии начального процесса понимания убеждений. Автор представляет дискуссионные точки зрения на проблему билингвизма и его роли в этом понимании, существующие среди ученых Германии, Словакии, Болгарии. Дается сравнительный анализ развития языковых компетенций цыганских, турецких и болгарских детей. Билингвальные дети оперируют двумя языковыми системами, при этом родной язык развит лучше, чем второй язык. Недостаток знаний второго языка может вызывать определенные трудности в понимании убеждений людей. Для выполнения заданий на понимание ложных утверждений детям, говорящим на двух языках, в большей степени необходимы навыки когнитивного типа, в то время как языковые навыки больше нужны для работы со специальными вопросами и для выполнения заданий эвиденциональности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discloses the acute problem of cognitive development and consciousness of children in poly-cultural space. The author raises the problems of the way bilingual children understand their own views and the views of other children. The language role and stages of the initial realization of the views are disclosed. The author presents the debatable points of view on the problem of bilingualism and its role in understanding expressed by the scientists of Germany, Slovakia and Bulgaria. The author performs the comparative analysis of Gipsy, Turkish and Bulgarian children’s language competences development. Bilingual children operate two language systems, native language being more developed than the second one. Lack of knowledge of the second language can cause difficulties in understanding other people’s views. To perform tasks aimed at understanding false statements bilingual children need cognitive skills at a greater scale, while language skills are needed more for working with special questions and for performing the tasks of evidentionalism.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>билингвизм</kwd><kwd>языковые</kwd><kwd>познавательные компетенции</kwd><kwd>эвиденциональность</kwd><kwd>ментальность</kwd><kwd>разговорная среда</kwd><kwd>ментальное состояние</kwd><kwd>bilingualism</kwd><kwd>language and cognitive competences</kwd><kwd>evidentionalism</kwd><kwd>mentality</kwd><kwd>speech environment</kwd><kwd>mental status</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Astington, Jean W. (2001). The future of theory-ofmind research: Understanding motivational states, the role of language, and the real-world consequences. 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