psymgouПсихологические наукиPsychological Sciences3033-64303033-6414Federal State University of Educationpsymgou-515Research ArticleСтатьиО психологической роли домашних питомцев в семьеPET'S PSYCHOLOGICAL ROLES IN THE FAMILYВаргаАнна ЯковлевнаVargaA. .avarga@yandex.ruФедоровичЕлена ЮрьевнаFedorovichE. .timfed@dubki.ruИнститут Практической психологии и психоанализаRussian FederationМГУ им. М.В.ЛомоносоваRussian Federation200923012023132234Copyright © Варга А.Я., Федорович Е.Ю., 20232023Варга А.Я., Федорович Е.Ю.Varga A..., Fedorovich E...Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.psymgou.ru/jour/article/view/515

Приводится обзор литературы об усилении склонности современных горожан содержать животных - домашних питомцев в своих семьях, а также обсуждается антропоморфизм как одно из необходимых условий построения удовлетворяющих отношений с домашними питомцами, который активно поддерживается как со стороны современной городской культуры, так и со стороны требований людей к поведению и внешности домашних питомцев. С позиций системного подхода обследовалось 25 городских семей с домашними питомцами. Клинический анализ выявил три психологических роли, которые может играть домашний питомец: агент сепарации, триангулированный член семьи, замещающий элемент системы.

The data of increasing amount of pets in urban families is observed. The necessary for psychological comfort human-pet communication is based on anthropomorphisation of the animal. The anthropomorphism is supported by contemporary urban culture and by request of people to the behavior and exterior of the pet. The case study based on systemic approach of 25 urban families with pet show three psychological roles, which pet may play: the agent of separation, the triangle family member, and substitutional family member.

Домашний питомецвзаимодействие человека и домашнего питомцаантропоморфизмсистемный подходсемейная психологияпсихологические роли домашних питомцев в семьеReferencesВарга. А. Я. Системная семейная психотера- пия. Курс лекций. Спб.: Речь. 2001.Варга. А. Я. Системная семейная психотера- пия. Курс лекций. Спб.: Речь. 2001.Дарвин Ч. Выражение эмоций у человека и животных. Питер, 2001.Дарвин Ч. Выражение эмоций у человека и животных. Питер, 2001.Мак-Фарленд Д. Поведение животных. Пси- хобиология, этология и эволюция. М.: Мир. 1985.Мак-Фарленд Д. Поведение животных. Пси- хобиология, этология и эволюция. М.: Мир. 1985.Теория семейных систем Мюррея Боуэна / Под ред. К.Бейкер, А.Я.Варги. М.: Когито- Центр. 2005.Теория семейных систем Мюррея Боуэна / Под ред. К.Бейкер, А.Я.Варги. М.: Когито- Центр. 2005.Тинберген Н. Поведение животных. М.: Мир. 1978.Тинберген Н. Поведение животных. М.: Мир. 1978.Фигдор Г. Беды развода и пути их преодоле- ния. М.: Московский психолого-социальный институт. 2006.Фигдор Г. Беды развода и пути их преодоле- ния. М.: Московский психолого-социальный институт. 2006.Bernstein P.L. The human-cat relationship // The welfare of cats. Rd. by I.Rochlitz. Springer. 2005. P. 47-89.Bernstein P.L. The human-cat relationship // The welfare of cats. Rd. by I.Rochlitz. Springer. 2005. P. 47-89.Byrne R. Animal communication: what makes a dog able to understand its master? //Current Biology. 2003,V.13 p. 347-349.Byrne R. Animal communication: what makes a dog able to understand its master? //Current Biology. 2003,V.13 p. 347-349.Danten C. 1999. Un vétérinnaire en colére. VLB Publisher. URL: www.angvet.org/en/03_ articles.htm.Danten C. 1999. Un vétérinnaire en colére. VLB Publisher. URL: www.angvet.org/en/03_ articles.htm.Cohen S.P. 2002. Can pets function as family members? // Western Jorn. of Nursing Research. 2002, V. 24 - p. 621-638.Cohen S.P. 2002. Can pets function as family members? // Western Jorn. of Nursing Research. 2002, V. 24 - p. 621-638.Eddy T.J., Gallup G.G., Jr.,Povinelli D.J. Attribution of cognitive states to animals: Anthropomorphism in comparative perspective. // Journ. of Social Issues. 1993, V. 49 p. 87- 101.Eddy T.J., Gallup G.G., Jr.,Povinelli D.J. Attribution of cognitive states to animals: Anthropomorphism in comparative perspective. // Journ. of Social Issues. 1993, V. 49 p. 87- 101.Gorszyca K., Fine A., Spain V. History, development ant theory of human-animal support services for people with AIDS/HIV and other disability/chronic condition. // Handbook on animal-assisted therapy. Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice Ed. by Fine A. Elsevier, Academic Press. 2006 p. 303-354.Gorszyca K., Fine A., Spain V. History, development ant theory of human-animal support services for people with AIDS/HIV and other disability/chronic condition. // Handbook on animal-assisted therapy. Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice Ed. by Fine A. Elsevier, Academic Press. 2006 p. 303-354.Hare B., Tomassello M. Domestic dogs (Canis familiais) use human and conspecific social cues to locate hidden food. // Journ. of Comparative Psychology. 1999, V. 113 p. 173- 177.Hare B., Tomassello M. Domestic dogs (Canis familiais) use human and conspecific social cues to locate hidden food. // Journ. of Comparative Psychology. 1999, V. 113 p. 173- 177.Heidenberger E. Ratgeber Hundepsychologie. August Verlag München. 2000.Heidenberger E. Ratgeber Hundepsychologie. August Verlag München. 2000.Holub E., Tyrlik V., Janackova B., Ernstova M. The influence of urbanization on the behavior of dogs in the Cech Republic Baranyiova.// Acta Vetrinaria Brno. University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Science, Brnj Czech Republic. 2005, V. 74, № 3 - p. 401-409.Holub E., Tyrlik V., Janackova B., Ernstova M. The influence of urbanization on the behavior of dogs in the Cech Republic Baranyiova.// Acta Vetrinaria Brno. University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Science, Brnj Czech Republic. 2005, V. 74, № 3 - p. 401-409.Horowitz A.C., Bekoff M. Naturalizing anthropomorphism: behavioral prompts to our humanizing of animals. // Anthrozoös. 2007, V. 20, № 1 p. 23-35.Horowitz A.C., Bekoff M. Naturalizing anthropomorphism: behavioral prompts to our humanizing of animals. // Anthrozoös. 2007, V. 20, № 1 p. 23-35.Kruger K.A., Serpell J.A. Aninal-assisted interventions in mental health: definitions and theoretical foundations // Handbook of Animal-Assisted Therapy. Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. Ed. by Fine A. Elsevier, Academic Press. 2006 p. 21-38.Kruger K.A., Serpell J.A. Aninal-assisted interventions in mental health: definitions and theoretical foundations // Handbook of Animal-Assisted Therapy. Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. Ed. by Fine A. Elsevier, Academic Press. 2006 p. 21-38.Kubinui E., Virányi Z., Miklósi Á. Comparative social cognition: from wolf and dog to humans. // Comparative cognition&behavior reviews. 2007, V.2 p. 26-46.Kubinui E., Virányi Z., Miklósi Á. Comparative social cognition: from wolf and dog to humans. // Comparative cognition&behavior reviews. 2007, V.2 p. 26-46.McFarland D. Oxford dictionary of animal behaviour. Oxfors University Press. 2006.McFarland D. Oxford dictionary of animal behaviour. Oxfors University Press. 2006.Mc Goldrick M., Gerson R. Genograms in family assessment. W.W.Norton&Company, New-York-London. 1985.Mc Goldrick M., Gerson R. Genograms in family assessment. W.W.Norton&Company, New-York-London. 1985.McNicolas J., Collis C. Animals as social supports // Handbook on animal-assisted therapy. Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. Ed. by Fine A. Elsevier, Academic Press. 2006. p. 49-71.McNicolas J., Collis C. Animals as social supports // Handbook on animal-assisted therapy. Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. Ed. by Fine A. Elsevier, Academic Press. 2006. p. 49-71.Melson G.F.. Child development and the human- companion animal bond. // The American Behavioral Scientist. 2003, V. 47 p. 31-43.Melson G.F.. Child development and the human- companion animal bond. // The American Behavioral Scientist. 2003, V. 47 p. 31-43.Melson G.F., Fine A. H. Animal in the lives of children // Handbook of Animal-Assisted Therapy. Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. Ed. by Fine A., Elsevier, Academic Press. 2006 -p. 207-226.Melson G.F., Fine A. H. Animal in the lives of children // Handbook of Animal-Assisted Therapy. Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. Ed. by Fine A., Elsevier, Academic Press. 2006 -p. 207-226.Miklósi Á., Topált J., Csányi V. Comparative social cognition: what can dogs teach us? // Animal Behaviour. 2004, V. 67, № 6.,- p. 995- 1004.Miklósi Á., Topált J., Csányi V. Comparative social cognition: what can dogs teach us? // Animal Behaviour. 2004, V. 67, № 6.,- p. 995- 1004.Miklósi Á., Pogardi R., Topált J., Csányi V. Intentional behaviour in dog-human communication: am experimental analysis of "showing" behavior in the dog. // Animal Cognition. 2000, № 3 p.159-166.Miklósi Á., Pogardi R., Topált J., Csányi V. Intentional behaviour in dog-human communication: am experimental analysis of "showing" behavior in the dog. // Animal Cognition. 2000, № 3 p.159-166.Mitchell R., Harm M. The interpretation of animal psychology: Anthropomorphism or behavior reading? // Behaviour. 1996, V. 134, p. 173-204.Mitchell R., Harm M. The interpretation of animal psychology: Anthropomorphism or behavior reading? // Behaviour. 1996, V. 134, p. 173-204.Pongracz P., Miklósi Á., , Kubinyi E., Gurobi K., Topált J., Csányi V. Social learning in dogs: the effect of human demonstrator on the performance of dogs in a detour task. // Animal Behavior. 2001. V. 62, p. 1109-1117.Pongracz P., Miklósi Á., , Kubinyi E., Gurobi K., Topált J., Csányi V. Social learning in dogs: the effect of human demonstrator on the performance of dogs in a detour task. // Animal Behavior. 2001. V. 62, p. 1109-1117.Poresky R.H., Daniels A.M. Demographics of pet presence and attachment // Anthrozoös. - 1998. V. 11, p. 236-241.Poresky R.H., Daniels A.M. Demographics of pet presence and attachment // Anthrozoös. - 1998. V. 11, p. 236-241.Serpell J.A. Anthropomorphism and anthropomorphic selection - beyond the "cute response". // Society&Animals. 2002, V. 10 p. 437-454.Serpell J.A. Anthropomorphism and anthropomorphic selection - beyond the "cute response". // Society&Animals. 2002, V. 10 p. 437-454.Swabe J. Dieren al seen Natuurlijke Hulpbron: Ambivalentie in de Relatie tussen Mens en Dier, binnen en buiten de Veterinaire (Animals als natural resource: Ambivalence in he human-animal rekationship and Veterinary Practice) // Milieu als Mensenwerk /Ed.: Henri Khuizen, Kruithof, Schmidt, Tellegen. Groningen: Wolters- Noordhof. 1996 p. 12-37.Swabe J. Dieren al seen Natuurlijke Hulpbron: Ambivalentie in de Relatie tussen Mens en Dier, binnen en buiten de Veterinaire (Animals als natural resource: Ambivalence in he human-animal rekationship and Veterinary Practice) // Milieu als Mensenwerk /Ed.: Henri Khuizen, Kruithof, Schmidt, Tellegen. Groningen: Wolters- Noordhof. 1996 p. 12-37.The welfare of cats / Rd. by I.Rochlitz. Springer. 2005.The welfare of cats / Rd. by I.Rochlitz. Springer. 2005.Topált J., Miklósi Á., Csányi V. Dog-human relationship affects problem solving behavior in the dog. // Anthrozoös. 1997. V. 10, № 4 p. 214-224.Topált J., Miklósi Á., Csányi V. Dog-human relationship affects problem solving behavior in the dog. // Anthrozoös. 1997. V. 10, № 4 p. 214-224.Topált J., Miklósi Á., Csányi V. Attachment behavior in dogs (Canis familiaris): a new application of Ainsworth (1969) strange test. // Journ. of Comparative Psychology. 1998, V. 112, № 3 p. 219-229.Topált J., Miklósi Á., Csányi V. Attachment behavior in dogs (Canis familiaris): a new application of Ainsworth (1969) strange test. // Journ. of Comparative Psychology. 1998, V. 112, № 3 p. 219-229.Wynne C.D. What are animals? Why anthropomorphism is still not a scientific approach to behavior. // Comparative cognition&behavior reviews. 2007, V. 2 - p. 125-135.Wynne C.D. What are animals? Why anthropomorphism is still not a scientific approach to behavior. // Comparative cognition&behavior reviews. 2007, V. 2 - p. 125-135.Zasloff R.L., Kidd A.H. Attachment to feline companions. // Psychological Reports. 1994, V. 74 p. 747-752.Zasloff R.L., Kidd A.H. Attachment to feline companions. // Psychological Reports. 1994, V. 74 p. 747-752.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.