<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">psymgou</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Психологические науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Psychological Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-6430</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-6414</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State University of Education</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18384/2310-7235-2022-2-102-116</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">psymgou-148</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ, ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОТНОШЕНИЕ ЛЮДЕЙ К ОПАСНОСТЯМ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ТЕОРИИ ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ К ПОДКРЕПЛЕНИЮ ДЖ. ГРЕЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE TO DANGERS IN THE CONTEXT OF J. GRAY’S THEORY OF SENSITIVITY TO REINFORCEMENT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9627-2304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маралов</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maralov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маралов Владимир Георгиевич – доктор психологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры психологии</p><p>162600 Вологодская область, г. Череповец, пр-т Луначарского, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir G. Maralov – dr. Sci. (Psychology), Prof., Prof. of the department of Psychology</p><p>pr. Lunacharskogo 5, Vologda Region, Cherepovets 162600</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vgmaralov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0352-390X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудака</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudaka</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудака Марина Александровна – кандидат психологических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой психологии</p><p>162600 Вологодская область, г. Череповец, пр-т Луначарского, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Kudaka – cand. Sci. (Psychology), Assoc. Prof., Head of the department of Psychology</p><p>pr. Lunacharskogo 5, Vologda Region, Cherepovets 162600</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kydakam@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3659-1626</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Смирнова Ольга Валериевна – кандидат психологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры психологии</p><p>162600 Вологодская область, г. Череповец, пр-т Луначарского, д. 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Smirnova – cand. Sci. (Psychology), Assoc. Prof., Assoc. Prof. of the department of Psychology</p><p>pr. Lunacharskogo 5, Vologda Region, Cherepovets 162600</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">novale@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-6819</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корягина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koryagina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корягина Ирина Ивановна – кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры гуманитарных наук</p><p>153012 Ивановская область, г. Иваново, Шереметевский пр-т, д. 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina I. Koryagina – cand. Sci. (Pedagogy), Assoc. Prof., Assoc. Prof. of the department of Humanities</p><p>pr. Sheremetevsky 8, Ivanovo region, Ivanovo 153012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koryaginairina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Череповецкий государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Cherepovets State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ивановская государственная медицинская академия Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ivanovo State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маралов В.Г., Кудака М.А., Смирнова О.В., Корягина И.И., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маралов В.Г., Кудака М.А., Смирнова О.В., Корягина И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maralov V.G., Kudaka M.A., Smirnova O.V., Koryagina I.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.psymgou.ru/jour/article/view/148">https://www.psymgou.ru/jour/article/view/148</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования состояла в выявлении взаимосвязи системы активации поведения (Behavioral Activation System – BAS) и системы торможения поведения (Behavioral Inhibition System – BIS), составляющих основу теории чувствительности к подкреплению Дж. Грея, с сензитивностью к угрозам и выбором адекватных или неадекватных способов реагирования в ситуациях опасности на контингенте студенческой молодёжи.</p><sec><title>Процедуры и методы</title><p>Процедуры и методы. В исследовании приняло участие 298 студентов Ивановской государственной медицинской академии и Череповецкого государственного университета, среди которых 51 мужчина (17%) и 247 женщин (83%), средний возраст – 19,7 лет (SD=1,9). В качестве диагностического инструментария использовались авторские опросники на выявление сензитивности к угрозам и выбора адекватных или неадекватных способов реагирования в ситуациях опасности: опросник Карвера–Уайта в модификации Г. Г. Князева для диагностики систем BAS и BIS. Обработка осуществлялась с помощью применения критерия φ* – углового преобразования Фишера, а также методов корреляционного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что с различными шкалами BAS связаны сензитивность к угрозам, выбор адекватных способов реагирования и игнорирование опасностей, а со шкалой BIS – преувеличение опасностей. Сделан вывод о том, что системы BAS/BIS определяют динамическую сторону отношения людей к опасностям и в большей степени объясняют феномены преувеличения или игнорирования опасностей, чем выбор адекватных способов реагирования в ситуациях опасности.</p><p>Теоретическая и/или практическая значимость. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в процессе организации деятельности по обеспечению безопасности, а также в процессе формирования у людей адекватного типа отношения к опасностям.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim of the study was to identify the relationship between the Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and the behavior inhibition system (Behavioral Inhibition System – BIS), which form the basis of J. Gray’s theory of sensitivity to reinforcement, with sensitivity to threats and the choice of adequate or inadequate ways to respond in situations of danger to the contingent of students.</p><sec><title>Methodology</title><p>Methodology. The study involved 298 students of the Ivanovo State Medical Academy and Cherepovets State University, among which there are: men - 51 (17%), women – 247 (83%), average age -19.7 years old. The author’s questionnaires as diagnostic tools were used to identify sensitivity to threats and the choice of adequate or inadequate ways to respond in situations of danger, the Carver-White questionnaire modified by G. G. Knyazev for the diagnosis of BAS and BIS systems. The processing was carried out by using the criterion of the φ* – Fisher angular transformation, as well as the methods of correlation analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It has been found that sensitivity to threats, the choice of adequate ways of responding and ignoring dangers are associated with various BAS scales, and exaggeration of dangers is associated with the BIS scale. It is concluded that BAS/BIS systems determine the dynamic side of people’s attitude to dangers and explain the phenomena of exaggeration or ignoring of dangers to a greater extent than the choice of adequate ways to respond in situations of danger.</p><p>Theoretical and/or practical significance. The obtained results can be used in the activities, as well as in the process of formation an adequate type of attitude towards hazards among people.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>система активации поведения (BAS)</kwd><kwd>система торможения поведения (BIS)</kwd><kwd>отношение к опасности</kwd><kwd>сензитивность к угрозам</kwd><kwd>адекватное реагирование</kwd><kwd>преувеличение опасностей</kwd><kwd>игнорирование опасностей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>behavior activation system (BAS)</kwd><kwd>behavior inhibition system (BIS)</kwd><kwd>attitude to danger</kwd><kwd>sensitivity to threats</kwd><kwd>adequate response</kwd><kwd>exaggeration of dangers</kwd><kwd>ignoring dangers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баева И. А., Гаязова Л. А., Кондакова И. В. Личностные ресурсы психологической безопасности подростков и молодёжи в образовательной среде // Интеграция образования. 2021. № 3. С. 482–497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baeva I. A., Gayazova L. A., Kondakova I. V. [Personal resources of psychological safety of adolescents and youth in the educational environment]. In: Integraciya obrazovaniya [Integration of education], 2021, no. 3, pp. 482–497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дубинский А. А., Булыгина В. Г., Лысенко Н. Е. Новые методы диагностики индивидуально-типологических характеристик в судебно-психиатрической практике // Мир науки. Педагогика и психология. 2019. Т. 7. № 1. URL: https://mir-nauki.com (дата обращения: 30.01.22).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubinskij A. A., Bulygina V. G., Lysenko N. E. [New methods for diagnosing individual typological characteristics in forensic psychiatric practice]. In: Mir nauki. Pedagogika i psihologiya [World of Science. Pedagogy and psychology], 2019, vol. 7, no. 1. Available at: https://mir-nauki.com (accessed: 30.01.22).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зинченко Ю. П. Методологические основы психологии безопасности // Национальный психологический журнал. 2011. № 2 (6). С. 11–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zinchenko Yu. P. [Methodological foundations of security psychology]. In: Nacional’nyj psihologicheskij zhurnal [National Psychological Journal], 2011, no. 2 (6), pp. 11–14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иоселиани А. Д. Социальное поведение людей в пандемию COVID-19 // Манускрипт. 2021. Т. 14. № 6. С. 1151–1155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ioseliani A. D. [Social behavior of people during the COVID-19 pandemic]. In: Manuskript [Manuscript], 2021, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1151–1155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Князев Г. Г. Активация и торможение поведения как основа индивидуальных различии // Психологический журнал. 2004. Т. 25. № 4. С. 28–40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knyazev G. G. [Activation and inhibition of behavior as the basis of individual differences]. In: Psihologicheskij zhurnal [Psychological journal], 2004, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 28–40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Краснянская Т. М., Тылец В. Г., Ляхов А. В. Психология безопасности в современном научном пространстве отечественной психологии // Гуманизация образования. 2021. № 2. С. 47–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krasnyanskaya T. M., Tylec V. G., Lyahov A. V. [Psychology of security in the modern scientific space of domestic psychology]. In: Gumanizaciya obrazovaniya [Humanization of education], 2021, no. 2, pp. 47–62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маралов В. Г., Малышева Е. Ю., Нифонтова О. В. Разработка теста-опросника сензитивности к угрозам в юношеском возрасте // Перспективы науки. 2012. № 8. С. 32–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maralov V. G., Malysheva E. Yu., Nifontova O. V. [Development of a test-questionnaire for sensitivity to threats in adolescence]. In: Perspektivy nauki [Prospects of Science], 2012, no. 8, pp. 32–37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маралов В. Г., Малышева Е. Ю., Смирнова О. В. Разработка теста-опросника по выявлению способов реагирования в ситуациях опасности в юношеском возрасте // Альманах современной науки и образования. 2012. № 12-1 (67). С. 92–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maralov V. G., Malysheva E. Yu., Smirnova O.V. [Development of a test-questionnaire to identify ways of responding to danger situations in adolescence]. In: Al’manah sovremennoj nauki i obrazovaniya [Almanac of modern science and education], 2012, no. 12-1 (67), pp. 92–96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нестик Т. А. Влияние пандемии COVID-19 на общество: социально-психологический анализ // Институт психологии Российской академии наук. Социальная и экономическая психология. 2020. Т. 5. № 2 (18). С. 47–83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nestik T. A. [The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on society: socio-psychological analysis]. In: Institut psihologii Rossijskoj akademii nauk. Social’naya i ekonomicheskaya psihologiya [Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Social and economic psychology], 2020, vol. 5, no. 2 (18), pp. 47–83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спицын А. А., Рагусский Р. В., Телоян А. В. Взаимосвязь выраженности эмоционально-поведенческих систем (по оригинальной теории чувствительности к подкреплению Дж. Грея) и склонности к Интернет-зависимому поведению у старшеклассников: половые различия // Наука, техника и образование. 2019. № 1 (54). С. 86–89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spicyn A. A., Ragusskij R.V. , Teloyan A.V. [Scientific foundations and theoretical and empirical rethinking of the principle of determinism in the subject-activity approach]. In: Nauka, tekhnika i obrazovanie [Science, technology and education], 2019, no. 1 (54), pp. 86–89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харламенкова Н. Е. Научные основания и теоретико-эмпирическое переосмысление принципа детерминизма в субъектно-деятельностном подходе // Психологический журнал. 2013. Т. 34. № 2. С. 17–28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harlamenkova N. E. [Scientific foundations and theoretical and empirical rethinking of the principle of determinism in the subject-activity approach]. In: Psihologicheskij zhurnal [Psychological journal], 2013, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 17–28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benard S., Barclay P. Democratic Competition for Rank, Cooperation, and Deception in Small Groups // Social Science Quarterly. 2020. Vol. 101. No 7. URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com (дата обращения: 30.01.22).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benard S., Barclay P. Democratic Competition for Rank, Cooperation, and Deception in Small Groups. In: Social Science Quarterly, 2020, vol. 101, no 7. Available at: https://onlinelibrary. wiley.com (accessed: 30.01.22).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borders A. Rumination and related constructs: Causes, consequences, and treatment of thinking too much. London, United Kingdom: Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, 2020. 432 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borders A. Rumination and related constructs: Causes, consequences, and treatment of thinking too much. London, United Kingdom, Academic Press, an imprint of Elsevier, 2020. 432 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buelow M. T. Risky Decision Making in Psychological Disorders. Academic Press, 2020. 403 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buelow M. T. Risky Decision Making in Psychological Disorders. Academic Press, 2020. 403 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen F. R. Behavioral Inhibition System function as the mediator in the pathway from electrodermal fear conditioning to antisocial behavior: Integrating the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory // Personality and Individual Differences. 2020. Vol. 166. URL: https://www.sciencedirct.com (дата обращения: 30.01.22).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen F. R. Behavioral Inhibition System function as the mediator in the pathway from electrodermal fear conditioning to antisocial behavior: Integrating the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. In: Personality and Individual Differences, 2020, vol. 166. Available at: https://www. sciencedirct.com (accessed: 30.01.22).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denefrio S., Dennis-Tiwary T. A. Threat Sensitivity // Personality and Individual Differences. London: Springer, Cham, 2018. URL: https://link.springer.com (дата обращения: 30.01.22).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denefrio S., Dennis-Tiwary T. A. Threat Sensitivity. In: Personality and Individual Differences. London: Springer, Cham, 2018. Available at: https://link.springer.com (accessed: 30.01.22).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gray J. A. The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry in to the functions of the septohippocampal system. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982. 448 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gray J. A. The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry in to the functions of the septohippocampal system. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982. 448 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gray J. A., McNaughton N. The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. 443 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gray J. A., McNaughton N. The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2000. 443 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krupić D. , Krizanic V. , Corr P. Personality and defensive behaviour: A factor analytic approach to threat scenario choices // Personality and Individual Differences. 2016. Vol. 94. Pp. 303–308.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krupić D. , Krizanic V. , Corr P. Personality and defensive behaviour: A factor analytic approach to threat scenario choices. In: Personality and Individual Differences, 2016, vol. 94, pp. 303–308.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krupić D. High BAS and low BIS in overconfidence, and their impact on motivation and self-efficacy after feedback // Primenjena psihologija. 2017. Vol. 10. No 3. P. 297–312.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krupić D. High BAS and low BIS in overconfidence, and their impact on motivation and self-efficacy after feedback. In: Primenjena psihologija, 2017, vol. 10, no 3, pp. 297–312.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Logan E., Kaye S. A., Lewis I. The influence of the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory on risk perception and intentions to speed in young male and female drivers // Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2019. Vol. 132. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (дата обращения: 30.01.22).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Logan E., Kaye S. A., Lewis I. The influence of the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory on risk perception and intentions to speed in young male and female drivers. In: Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2019, vol. 132. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (accessed: 30.01.22).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maralov V. G., Kudaka M. A., Pogodin A. M. Psychological characteristics of attitudes towards dangers among healthcare professionals working and not working with COVID-19 patients // Russian Psychological Journal. 2021. Vol. 18 (2). Pp. 6–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maralov V. G., Kudaka M. A., Pogodin A. M. Psychological characteristics of attitudes towards dangers among healthcare professionals working and not working with COVID-19 patients. In: Russian Psychological Journal, 2021, vol. 18 (2), pp. 6–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nowland R., Qualter P. Influence of social anxiety and emotional self‐efficacy on pre‐transition concerns, social threat sensitivity, and social adaptation to secondary school // British Journal of Educational Psychology. 2020. Vol. 90. No 1. Pp. 227–244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nowland R., Qualter P. Influence of social anxiety and emotional self‐efficacy on pre‐transition concerns, social threat sensitivity, and social adaptation to secondary school. In: British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2020, vol. 90, no 1. Pp. 227–244</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O ’Dea C. J., Bueno A. M. C. , Saucier D. A. Fight or flight: Perceptions of men who confront versus ignore threats to themselves and others // Personality and Individual Differences. 2017. Vol. 104. Pp. 345–351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O ’Dea C. J., Bueno A. M. C. , Saucier D. A. Fight or flight: Perceptions of men who confront versus ignore threats to themselves and others. In: Personality and Individual Differences, 2017, vol. 104, pp. 345–351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perkins A. M, Cooper A., Abdelall M. Personality and defensive reactions: Fear, trait anxiety, and threat magnification // Journal of Personality. 2010. Vol. 78. No 3. P. 1071–1090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perkins A. M, Cooper A., Abdelall M. Personality and defensive reactions: Fear, trait anxiety, and threat magnification. In: Journal of Personality, 2010, vol. 78, no 3, pp. 1071–1090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Permatasari S., Tentama F. Anxiety scale: Psychomothoric studies and the applications to students who conducting a thesis research // International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research. 2020. Vol. 8, No 1. Pp. 606–610.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Permatasari S., Tentama F. Anxiety scale: Psychomothoric studies and the applications to students who conducting a thesis research. In: International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 2020, vol. 8, no 1, pp. 606–610.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pourmohseni K. F. The relation between behavioral-brain systems activity with forgiveness and marital satisfaction in couples // Contemporary Psychology. 2014. Vol. 8. No 2. P. 17–26</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pourmohseni K. F. The relation between behavioral-brain systems activity with forgiveness and marital satisfaction in couples. In: Contemporary Psychology, 2014, vol. 8, no 2, pp. 17–26</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reicher S. D. , Stott C. On order and disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic // British Journal of Social Psychology. 2020. Vol. 59 (3). Pp. 694–702.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reicher S. D. , Stott C. On order and disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. In: British Journal of Social Psychology, 2020, vol. 59 (3), pp. 694–702.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wallace J. C. , Vodanovich S. J. Workplace safety performance: Conscientiousness, cognitive failure, and their interaction // Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 2003. Vol. 8. No 4. Pp. 316–327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wallace J. C. , Vodanovich S. J. Workplace safety performance: Conscientiousness, cognitive failure, and their interaction. In: Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 2003, vol. 8, no 4, pp. 316–327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waller R., Wagner N. The Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward (STAR) model and the development of callous-unemotional traits // Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews. 2019. Vol. 107. P. 656–671.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waller R., Wagner N. The Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward (STAR) model and the development of callous-unemotional traits. In: Neuroscience &amp; Biobehavioral Reviews, 2019, vol. 107, pp. 656–671.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
